The Anatomy of a Tooth: Exploring the Structure and Function of Teeth
Teeth play a fundamental role in our daily lives, enabling us to chew, smile and speak with ease. While we often take them for granted, understanding the anatomy of a tooth helps us appreciate their intricate design and highlights the importance of proper oral care. We will delve into the structure and function of teeth, exploring the different components that make up these remarkable structures.
Enamel: the outermost layer of the tooth, is the hardest substance in the human body. Composed primarily of minerals, mainly hydroxyapatite, enamel protects the underlying layers of the tooth from wear and tear, temperature changes, and harmful bacteria. Although strong, enamel is not invincible and can be damaged and made weaker due to excessive acid exposure, leading to tooth sensitivity and decay.
Dentin: Beneath the enamel lies the dentin, a hard, yellowish tissue that forms the bulk of the tooth. Dentin is less mineralised than enamel but still provides structural support. It contains tiny channels called dentinal tubules that transmit sensations to the nerve within the tooth. Dentin is responsible for tooth sensitivity when the enamel is compromised or eroded and the dentine is expose.
Pulp: The pulp, located at the center of the tooth, is a soft tissue comprising blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. It nourishes the tooth during development, providing nutrients and moisture to keep it alive and healthy. The pulp also plays a crucial role in detecting external stimuli, such as temperature changes and pressure when biting
Cementum: covers the root surface of the tooth, anchoring it to the jawbone via tiny fibers called periodontal ligaments. This hard, mineralised tissue protects and supports the root, ensuring stability and providing attachment for the ligaments that hold the tooth in place. Cementum helps distribute chewing forces evenly, preventing excessive stress on the tooth.
Periodontal Ligament: Surrounding the tooth root, the periodontal ligament connects the cementum to the surrounding bone in the jaw. This fibrous tissue acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the tooth against the forces of biting and chewing. It also provides attachment and stability, allowing slight movement of the tooth within the socket while maintaining its proper position.